An Econometric Investigation of Market Volatility and Efficiency: A Study of Small Cap’s Stock Indices

By utilization the context of econometric models, this chapter investigates three significant research parameters and tries to find out the positive outcome for further studies. The first question, is the volatility of Small Cap foreseeable?. The second question, does the volatility of Small Cap exhibition the same pragmatic regularities stated in the literature about the behavior of further stock prices?, The third and Final question, can Small Cap clear the test of market efficiency?. The results of these research questions will provide the answers of following objectives: First, economic representatives investing in Small Cap Stock markets. Second, the business professors/professionals/educationist is more concerned in Small Cap for their teaching and research. Third, the policy makers who are observing the stock market volatilities because of its significances and impulsive behavior to invest for more incentives among other consequences

Neutrosophic Code

The idea of neutrosophic code came into my mind at that time when i was reading the literature about linear codes and i saw that, if there is data transfremation between a sender and a recieve

Soft Neutrosophic Bigroup and Soft Neutrosophic N-Group

Soft neutrosophic group and soft neutrosophic subgroup are generalized to soft neutrosophic bigroup and soft neutrosophic N-group respectively in this paper. Different kinds of soft neutrosophic bigroup and soft neutrosophic N-group are given. The structural properties and theorems have been discussed with a lot of examples to disclose many aspects of this beautiful man made structure

Soft Neutrosophic Ring and Soft Neutrosophic Field

In this paper we extend the theory of neutrosophic rings and neutrosophic fields to soft sets and construct soft neutrosophic rings and soft neutrosophic fields. We also extend neutrosophic ideal theory to form soft neutrosophic ideal over a neutrosophic ring and soft neutrosophic ideal of a soft neutrosophic ring . We have given many examples to illustrate the theory of soft neutrosophic rings and soft neutrosophic fields and display many properties of of these. At the end of this paper we gave soft neutrosophic ring homomorphism

Matrix semigroups over semirings

The multiplicative semigroup $M_n(F)$ of $n\times n$ matrices over a field $F$ is well understood, in particular, it is a regular semigroup. This paper considers semigroups of the form $M_n(S)$, where $S$ is a semiring, and the subsemigroups $UT_n(S)$ and $U_n(S)$ of $M_n(S)$ consisting of upper triangular and unitriangular matrices. Our main interest is in the case where $S$ is an idempotent semifield, where we also consider the subsemigroups $UT_n(S^*)$ and $U_n(S^*)$ consisting of those matrices of $UT_n(S)$ and $U_n(S)$ having all elements on and above the leading diagonal non-zero. Our guiding examples of such $S$ are the 2-element Boolean semiring $\mathbb{B}$ and the tropical semiring $\mathbb{T}$. In the first case, $M_n(\mathbb{B})$ is isomorphic to the semigroup of binary relations on an $n$-element set, and in the second, $M_n(\mathbb{T})$ is the semigroup of $n\times n$ tropical matrices. Il'in has proved that for any semiring $R$ and $n>2$, the semigroup $M_n(R)$ is regular if and only if $R$ is a regular ring. We therefore base our investigations for $M_n(S)$ and its subsemigroups on the analogous but weaker concept of being Fountain (formerly, weakly abundant). These notions are determined by the existence and behaviour of idempotent left and right identities for elements, lying in particular equivalence classes. We show that certain subsemigroups of $M_n(S)$, including several generalisations of well-studied monoids of binary relations (Hall relations, reflexive relations, unitriangular Boolean matrices), are Fountain. We give a detailed study of a family of Fountain semigroups arising in this way that has particularly interesting and unusual properties.Comment: 50 page

Soft Neutrosophic Group

In this paper we extend the neutrosophic group and subgroup to soft neutrosophic group and soft neutrosophic subgroup respectively. Properties and theorems related to them are proved and many examples are given

Neutrosophic Left Almost Semigroup

In this paper we extend the theory of neutrosophy to study left almost semigroup shortly LAsemigroup. We generalize the concepts of LA-semigroup to form that for neutrosophic LA-semigroup. We also extend the ideal theory of LA-semigroup to neutrosophy and discuss different kinds of neutrosophic ideals. We also find some new type of neutrosophic ideal which is related to the strong or pure part of neutrosophy. We have given many examples to illustrate the theory of neutrosophic LA-semigroup and display many properties of neutrosophic LA-semigroup in this paper

Soft Neutrosophic Bigroup and Soft Neutrosophic N-Group

Soft neutrosophic group and soft neutrosophic subgroup are generalized to soft neutrosophic bigroup and soft neutrosophic N-group respectively in this paper. Different kinds of soft neutrosophic bigroup and soft neutrosophic N-group are given. The structural properties and theorems have been discussed with a lot of examples to disclose many aspects of this beautiful man made structure

EXCHANGE RATE, FISCAL POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL OIL PRICES IMPACT ON OIL PRICES IN PAKISTAN: A VOLATILITY AND GRANGER CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

Purpose. Crude oil is an important and most demanded commodity throughout the world. There are various oil processes like electricity production, manufacturing processes and transport sector. Oil is the basic necessity thus is important to study the volatility in oil prices because oil price volatility reduces the aggregate output for short run and as a result uncertainty increases and investment also decreases (Guo and Kliesen, 2005).This research analysis the effect of exchange rate variation and the fiscal policy changes on the oil price volatility and granger causality of macroeconomic variables. Lee (1998) defined volatility as the standard deviation in a given period. She submitted that Volatility has a negative and significant impact on economic growth immediately, while the impact of oil price changes delays until after a year. She concludes by stating that it is volatility/change in crude oil prices rather than oil price level that has a significant influence on economic growth. Methodology. GARCH (1,1) test define the exchange rate has not a significant relation with the local oil price but fiscal policy effect and foreign oil price has a significant relation on the local oil price. Granger Causality test indicate that oil price volatility does not granger cause on public sector investment and gross domestic production does not granger cause on public sector investment is significant. Except these relationship, all other variables relationship exist and possible. Findings. This research identify the effect of exchange rate, fiscal policy and international oil prices on oil prices of Pakistan. Different econometrics tests are utilized for analyses. Due to shortage of time, money and resources, this study only focus on Pakistan but this type of study can also implemented in Asia or more developing countries for more generalize effects and conclusion. Originality. This is the first implemented research who define the magnitude, direction and effects among the variable in context of Pakistan. Before this research, there is only opinions are founds by different economists, politicians and analysists

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS

Purpose. In this research we have tried to identify the impact of emotional intelligence on the managerial effectiveness. Design. The domains of emotional intelligence identified by the dr. Daniel Goleman namely self-awareness, self-regulation, social skill & empathy have been tested to include in the listing of 16 managerial skills namely confidence in subordinates, communication and task assignment, networking, colleagues management, discipline, informal communication, management of market environment, conflict resolution, integrity and communication, client management & competence, motivating, delegation, image building, welfare management, consultative, & inspection and innovation - the scale developed by seeta gupta in 1996. Statistical package for the social science is used for analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to define the key aspects and sample formation. Two tailed pearson correlation was applied to check and test the relationship among the variables used in the research. Regression analysis was used to identify the significance, magnitude and direction of the variables. Findings and implications. We have concluded that all four traits of emotional intelligence have been found significant, therefore suggested to include them in the scale of managerial effectiveness